The Milestones and Mileposts of Greater London
Amongst the items that have survived along the urban streetscape of London are included the odd milestone and its often slightly newer counterpart the metal milepost.
Mileposts were provided along many of London's main roads but the motorization of traffic and explosion of road-signage made them less useful and they ceased to be maintained and when damaged or in the way were often removed. In consequence, the fortunate survivors are comparatively rare beasts and there is some effort being made to preserve them.
Quite why it appears that a much larger proportion of mileposts have survived than the once far more numerous parish boundary marks is a mystery. Milestones tend to be larger and situated in prominent positions, which probably has something to do with it. They are also attractive and inherently photogenic, which probably helps mark them out as items of interest.
The ones on this page are roughly grouped by route, but more will be added as they are encountered. At present the focus is on north-west London, but other areas will follow.
A waymark is a mark provided to aid those using highways, to provide directional or other useful information. Milestones are waymarks and indicate distances, and sometimes the name of the locality. Distances were important for identifying where one was and how far away the next town (or destination town) was. It was also useful to prove distances for those people charging by distance, for example coach operators, the postal authorities and carriers. Waymarks, by definition, are to be found by the road and though they might bear a parish name are not in any sense boundary marks and must not be confused with them. Where mileposts are angled towards the road, generally the names found facing the approaching traveller is that of the next the next town. (The names on boundary marks are, on the other hand, invariably local and usually face into their own parish, so are not useful as waymarks, even when they are at the roadside - which most are not).
The loss of milestones is regrettable. It might be noted it is, and always has been, an offence to pull down or interfere with milestones lawfully placed (Highways Act 1980 S131 covers it now).
Quick Links:
The milestones that follow have been grouped as follows:
Others will follow in due course.
Within these groupings milestones are shown in increasing order of mileage from central London in groups based on the point of origin of the mileage readings, for example roads starting at Marble Arch.
Milestones are then placed into subgroups based on individual roads, for example, the Bath Road or the Watford Road. Generally speaking the road order works anti-clockwise from the Great North Road.
Assembling them in this way means that the coherence of a group of stones is clearer as stones along individual routes are usually of like type. When the style of stones alters part way along a route, the change becomes obvious and invites explanation. In addition, where stones are unreadable, the layout can nevertheless be inferred from its neighbours.
It also makes it easier for people looking for stones today to follow and identify them
Where possible each road is set out with the following supplementary material
It should be noted that for milestone purposes the roads set out here may not correspond to modern expectations. For example, milestones from Marble Arch run along what we would today call the Edgware Road. For milestone purposes we must be guided with what is actually marked on the stones and we discover the route is the Watford Road and only follows the old roman road to Edgware before turning off to head for Watford The roman road continues north as the St Albans Road, though still carrying on the London mileage.
This is a summary of surviving and destroyed London mile markers. At the moment the table deals only with those in north west London, but the list will be augmented periodically.
Measured from Hicks Hall
Route | Measured from and to | 1 | 1½ | 2 | 2½ | 3 | 3½ | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 |
Gt North Rd | Hicks Hall to Barnet |
Key
Green = mark present, Red = mark gone, Yellow = no mark AND not on old maps so old
mark only conjectured, Blue = relocated, Grey = not applicable.
The numbers along the top represent the stated mileage from the London end. Hold mouse
over yellow marks for additional information.
Hicks Hall (named after Sir Baptist Hicks) was a building used by the Middlesex Justices located just north of Smithfield, more or less at the junction of St John Street and St John Lane and opened in 1611. This well-known building near the City border became the point from which mileages were measured for routes running north along St John Street and Upper Street, or what today would be known as the Great North Road. The first market town was Barnet and north of Barnet roads gradually peeled off to dozens of destinations in the north and west, all measured from Hicks Hall. The table below indicates surviving and lost marks.as far as Barnet.
In mid Victorian times there had also been mileposts based on Smithfield at Islington High Street (near White Lion Street) - 1 mile and based on the General Post Office at Holloway Road (near Jackson Road) - 3 miles and Holloway Road (near St John's Villas) - 4 miles.
This is a contemporary print of Hicks Hall, looking to the north. [Old and New
London]
Measured from Regents Park
Route | Measured from and to | 1 | 1½ | 2 | 2½ | 3 | 3½ | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 |
Finchley Rd | Regents Park to North Finchley |
Key
Green = mark present, Red = mark gone, Yellow = no mark AND not on old maps so old mark
only conjectured, Blue = relocated, Grey = not applicable. The
numbers along the top represent the stated mileage from the London end.
In 1826 the construction of a new turnpike road was authorized by the Finchley Road Act. This comprised most of Avenue Road and the so-called Finchley New Road between Swiss Cottage and Church End Finchley where it joined Hendon Lane, which was improved as far as North Finchley where it joined the Great North Road. South of Swiss Cottage another section was built linking to the north end of already-constructed Wellington Road (which was improved down to St John's Chapel). The new route was constructed to facilitate the coaching trade and avoided the steep hills either side of Hampstead as well as shortening journeys. Mileage appears to have been calculated from the North Gate of Regents Park (by Macclesfield Bridge). There was once a 1 mile post near College Crescent outside the North Star public house, a 2 mile post opposite the end of Weech Road, at where, today, Birnbeck Close lies (at 4 miles) and in Ballards Lane near Christchurch Road (at 6 miles). There was also at least one post measured from Charing Cross (at 4 miles) just north of West End Lane. As far as I can see this was the only one of these and reflected the route into Central London via Baker Street.
There is a helpful zoomable print of the route the Finchley Road was to carve through the existing topography HERE.
As road books were coming to an end at the time Finchley Road was being built, none of the ones I have include it.
Measured from Post Office, Holborn Bars and St Giles Pound
Routes that proceeded along the Tottenham Court Road were measured from St Giles Pound, located near St Giles church in St Giles High Street. The Pound was removed in 1765, presumably being felt unnecessary in what was now a built up area. The parish pound (where loose animals could be kept) had originally been close to the church but in 1656 it was moved to the junction of the High Street, Tyburn Road (Oxford Street) and Tottenham Court Road, where, later Meux and Company established its brewery. Since it was a well-known mark denoting the southern end of Tottenham Court Road it was a convenient place to measure from.
Holborn Bars was the location of one of several bars or gates surrounding the City of London where those who were not freemen were charged a small toll to permit entry of a cart or carriage. The location is marked today by the obelisks carrying the City dragons and for practical purposes marked the south end of Grays Inn Road, which formed one of the northern exits from London
Route | Measured from and to | 1 | 1½ | 2 | 2½ | 3 | 3½ | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 |
Mill Hill Road | St Giles to Mill Hill via Camden Town | ||||||||||||||||||||
Camden Town | Holborn Bars to Camden Town | ||||||||||||||||||||
Highgate Rd | Camden Town to Highgate |
Key
Green = mark present, Red = mark gone, Yellow = no mark AND not on old maps so old mark
only conjectured, Blue = relocated, Grey = not applicable. The
numbers along the top represent the stated mileage from the London end. Hold mouse over
yellow marks for additional information.
There are also extant milestones measured from the Post Office at 4 miles along Haverstock Hill and 5 miles along Highgate West Hill, both overlaid on the St Giles/Holborn Bars routes. It is assumed the measurements followed Crowndale and St Pancras Roads to Holborn Bars then eastward to the City.
Milestones along the Hendon and Mill Hill route are known to have existed so long ago as 1752, when a contemporary horticulturalist who lived with a 'bow shot' of the X milestone at Mill Hill, described them as 'newly erected'. They would appear to be the same ones present today.
Measured north from Marble Arch (Tyburn)
The milestones just state 'London' but the road books inform us that measurements towards the north-west originate at the Tyburn Turnpike, the junction where two Roman roads cross at what today we know as Marble Arch. The Tyburn (or Tybourne) is a river flowing southwards, one arm on the line of the Serpentine, and which gave rise to the name of the area west of Edgware Road as far as Bayswater Road. For many years a fixed gallows was located adjacent to this road junction and while these were removed in 1759 executions continued for many years using portable gallows. It appears that the space was needed for the several sets of toll gates installed at this location, together with the toll house.
It is perhaps unexpected that mileposts along the ancient Watling Street measure towards Watford rather than St Albans since this means turning off near Edgware onto a quite different road, but that is how things were arranged on the posts and in the road books. The St Albans sequence therefore begins north of Edgware, but there are no survivors in the London area.
West of Stanmore the milestone sequence continues along the road towards Pinner Green and neither maps nor the stones reference the next town in the country direction. Road books are inconsistent about where the road leads and this edition of Paterson calls it the Chesham Road (running via Rickmansworth) - it actually joins the Harrow-Rickmansworth Road at Pinner Green. Strangely, this long section of road having reached Pinner Green offers only very indirect communication with Uxbridge.
On the Chesham Road, very old maps suggest the posted route was Watling Street to Edgware then Pinner, but late eighteenth century maps indicate an alternative measured route along Harrow Road via Harrow Weald and Hatch End. During the early ninetenth century an improved route via Pinner was available, taking about a mile off the route north of Pinner Green and requiring more northerly stones to be rearranged (perhaps for the second time). Changes like this were presumably not uncommon. There had therefore been 11 and 12 mile stones in the Wealdstone area, but evidently not for very long.
Route | Measured from and to | ½ | 1 | 1½ | 2 | 2½ | 3 | 3½ | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
Watford Rd | Marble Arch to Watford (via Edgware Rd) | ||||||||||||||||||||
St Albans Rd | Edgware (Stonegrove) to Elstree | ||||||||||||||||||||
Uxbridge Rd | Stanmore to Pinner Green | ||||||||||||||||||||
Harrow Road | Marble Arch to Harrow & Rick'sworth |
Key
Green = mark present, Red = mark gone, Yellow = no mark AND not on old maps so old mark
only conjectured, Blue = relocated, Grey = not applicable. The
numbers along the top represent the stated mileage from the London end. Hold mouse over
yellow marks for additional information.
On the Watford Road there had been milestones at Crompton Street (near Paddington Canal) - 1 mile, Kilburn High Road at Springfield Road - 2 miles, Willesden Lane - 2½ miles, Shootup Hill at Christchurch Avenue - 3 miles (and inaccurately located), The Hyde at The Greenway - 7 miles, Edgware Road opposite Bacon Lane - 8 miles, Stone Grove by Orchard Drive - 9 miles, London Road east of Dennis Lane - 10 miles and The Common (north of Springfield Close) - 11 Miles. There had also been a half mile stone in Edgware Road at the end of Star Street which has survived, after an eventful retirement, and presently resides at the entrance to the Hilton London Metropole Hotel, nearly half a mile from its correct position. This is perhaps representative of stones along this road before the metal posts were introduced. Further details and photographs of this survivor may be found HERE.
On the Elstree and St Albans Road there had been milestones along Brockley Hill north of Stanmore Golf Course - 10 miles.
On the Uxbridge Road there had been milestones west of Chartley Avenue - 11 miles and in The Broadway near Grimsdyke Road - 13 miles.
Along the Harrow Road there had been milestones at Harrow Road north of Bishops Road Bridge - 1 mile; Opposite Chippenham Road - 2 miles; Kensal Green opposite Berens Road - 3 miles; High Street Harlesden opposite Furness Road - 4 miles; Craven Park, west of Park Road - 5 miles; north of River Brent by Sylvia Road - 6 miles; Wembley, near Park Lane - 7 miles; Sudbury, opposite District Road - 8 miles; Sudbury Hill by Greenford Road - 9 miles; Pinner Road east of Oxford Road - 11 miles and Pinner Road by Alandale Road - 14 miles.
Measured west from Marble Arch (Tyburn)
The
Uxbridge Road has several names but the most
well known alternative is probably the Oxford
Road. Oxford was the first place served of great
importance while Uxbridge was the first market
town.
The road had many branches serving most of
Wales and much of the mid west of England and
south-central England; there
are, however, no notable branches in the London
area apart from the link west of Shepherds Bush
to the Bath Road. Unfortunately the Uxbridge
Road has been susceptible to various road
improvement schemes and most of the mile markers
have been lost.
Route | Measured from and to | 1 | 1½ | 2 | 2½ | 3 | 3½ | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 |
Uxbridge Rd | Marble Arch to Uxbridge |
Key
Green = mark present, Red = mark gone, Yellow = no mark AND not on old maps so old mark
only conjectured, The numbers along
the top represent the stated mileage from
the London end.
There had once been marks at the following locations. Bayswater Road near Leinster Terrace - 1 mile; Holland Park Avenue, nearly opposite Lansdowne Road - 2 miles; The Vale, by Bromyard Avenue - 4 miles; High Street Acton, opposite King Street - 5 miles (moved nearby); High Street Hanwell, at Westminster Road - 8 miles; Uxbridge Road nearly opposite Dormer's Well Lane - 9 miles; The Broadway Southall near Townsend Road - 10 miles; Uxbridge Road, at Coldharbour Lane junction - 11 miles; High Road Hayes End - 12 miles (now looped out as Park Road, near Park Lane); Uxbridge Road near Pole Hill Road - 13 miles; Hillingdon Hill near cemetery entrance - 14 miles. There had also been a 3-mile mark on branch in Goldhawk Road, east of Richford Street.
Measured west from Hyde Park Corner
The roads measured west from Hyde Park Corner are based on the trunk heading due west with many branches peeling off it, even in the London area. The way out of London was usually called the Bath Road, but both Carey's and Paterson's early nineteenth century road books give preference to the south-western variant via Staines to Exeter and Poole respectively. Paterson's 1822 edition offers the Bath Road as the 'trunk' route, and this probably reflects the much improved route created by the turnpike trusts. Prior to the turnpikes the best routes were uncertain and variable but the improvements of a small number of good routes gradually settled the matter. In London the Brentford Trust managed the road east of Cranford Bridge (near Hounslow) and the Colnbrook Trust the next section west (which probably explains the change in milestone type at Cranford).
Dealing only with Middlesex routes, the first road peeling off is the Fulham Road at Knightsbridge, taking a route to Putney Bridge (and bound for Richmond and Kingston); This spur is covered in the section (following) covering South West London. The next is beyond Brentford and serves Twickenham and Teddington. The last significant road turns south west from Hounslow and heads for Staines and beyond, for many years in the care of the Bagshot and Bedfont Trust; from this road near Bedfont an apparent route via Stanwell towards Windsor is faintly detected (but presents a number of questions). A single milestone (long gone) has been located in King's Road, but this was measured from the Post Office.
Route | Measured from and to | 1 | 1½ | 2 | 2½ | 3 | 3½ | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 |
Bath Road | Hyde Park Corner to Colnbrook | ||||||||||||||||||||
Richmond Rd | Fulham Rd ex Hyde Park Corner | ||||||||||||||||||||
Teddington Rd | Isleworth to Teddington (ex Hyde Pk Cnr) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Park Road | Isleworth (ex Hyde Pk Cnr) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Staines Road | Hounslow to Staines (ex Hyde Pk Cnr) |
.
Measured west from Kingston Bridge
On this 'crossroad' surviving milestones are purported to measure from Kingston Bridge and Staines and are located 2/7 miles, 3/6, 4/5 and 7/1 miles. The route near the Palace appears to use the path cutting across The Green. The route passes along Hampton Court Road, Upper Sunbury Road, Staines Road and Kingston Road.
Route | Measured from and to | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
Staines Road | Kingston and Staines |
Key
Green = mark present, Red = mark gone, Yellow = no mark AND not on old maps so old
mark only conjectured, Blue = relocated, Grey = not applicable.
The numbers along the top represent the stated mileage from the London end. Hold mouse
over yellow marks for additional information.
This is a summary of surviving and destroyed London mile markers in south west London. This deals with mile markers south of the Thames and in some instances short sections of road north of the Thames that are parts of south London roads.This section is very much under construction and will be augmented periodically.
This obelisk, about 15ft high, is located in Bridge Street, Richmond, but has been relocated from its original position slightly further north. Its southern face is inscribed ‘The . first stone . of . this Bridge . was laid . 23rd August . 1774 . and finished . December 1777’.
The distances on the east face read:
To . HYDE PARK . CORNER . VIII Miles . three . Quarters . WESTMINSTER . Bridge .
X Miles . To LONDON . Bridge . XI Miles . One quarter
The distances on the north face read:
to . HAMPTON . IIII Miles . SUNBURY . VI
Miles . One quarter . WALTON . VII Miles . three . quarters . CHERTSEY . X Miles . and half .
HOUNSLOW . III Miles . three . Quarters . STAINES . IX Miles . and half . COLNBROOK . X Miles . three Quarters .
WINDSOR . XV Miles . three . Quarters
At the bottom of the north face a separate part reads:
ANY PERSON WHO SHALL . WILFULLY DEFACE OR . DAMAGE THIS
OBELISK . WILL BE PROSECUTED . BY ORDER OF THE . COMMISSIONERS
South of the Thames the same neat measuring system of the radial roads from a small number of central origins, as seen north of the River, is much harder to discern and the surviving evidence is confusing. This will be reviewed as research proceeds but for the moment the the routes shown in the old road books have basically been followed irrespective of the claimed origins. So many roads include several origins, often half or a whole mile different from each other so the coloured table system of indicating surviving and missing stones has not for the moment been followed. Instead a written list is given which indicates what is understood to be going on, with photos of surviving stones at the end of each 'road' section.
Kingston Road (Portsmouth Road via Clapham to Kingston and branches)
The Portsmouth Road was the key road in this sector of London, measured originally from The Stones in Southwark, and later from The Standard in Cornhill (a water pump at junction with Gracechurch Street, though removed in 1674). The measuring point later bec The route passed across bleak Putney Heath and missed the more welcoming town of Richmond which was served by a branch Road from Wandsworth. The Richmond route also led to Kingston but was longer than the direct road across Putney Heath. The opening of Putney Bridge offered a new route from West London, branching off the Great West Road and coming from Fulham, Putney Bridge and Lower Richmond Road to join the Wandsworth-Richmond route, the milestones showing distances to Cornhill and Hyde Park Corner. Putney Hill allso made the connection between the main Portsmouth Road over Putney Heath and the Hyde Park Corner route (it appears that to the south west of this junction Hyde Park Corner mileages were preferred to those directly to the City via Wandsworth).
KEY: Blue: Stone still in place. Black: Gone, but shown on old mapping. Red: Conjectured (not on mapping)
London to Richmond via Clapham Common and Wandsworth
The route from the City of London to Richmond shares its initial portion with the Portsmouth Road, described above. It diverges towards the western end of Wandworth (to the west of MP Royal Exchange 7 miles) and follows the Upper Richmond Road. The route then continues via Petersham and Ham to Kingston, where several routes converge.
KEY: Blue: Stone still in place. Black: Gone, but shown on old mapping. Red: Conjectured (not on mapping)
London to Richmond via Wandsworth Road
The existance of a string of milestones, either real ones or on old maps, provides evidence of an alternative route out of London along Wandsworth Road, taking a more northerly course than the route via Clapham. At the London end the route appears to start at Westminster Bridge, following Westminster Bridge Road, Kennington Road, Kennington Lane, Wandsworth Road, Lavender Hill and joining the Clapham route at East Hill, Battersea. Milestones along this section are measured from Whitehall and Royal Exchange, the route to the latter being made along Kennington Lane until its junction with the Clapham Road route, already described.
The measuring (zero) point called Whitehall appears to be its northern end opposite Whitehall Place (beyond here the road was called Charing Cross). Measurements to Whitehall are therefore a little over half a mile longer than those to Westminster Bridge.
London to Richmond Via Fulham
This route better served the exit from west London and became available when Putney (originally Fulham) Bridge opened. The route follows the Bath Road exit from London along Piccadilly and Knightsbridge, but then turns south-west following Brompton Road and Fulham Road, crossing the Thames at Putney Bridge. Immediately south of the River the route turns west, along Lower Richmond Road (originally Windsor Street) and Queens Ride. From that point it joins the Upper Richmond Road to the Talbot at Richmond (and thence, according to Paterson's Roads, to Kingston via Petersham and Ham). There are a few remaining mileposts along the first part of this route, but along the Upper Richmond Road Hyde Park Corner mileages are included on the posts already described. No milestones appear to have survived along the Richmond-Kingston section.
KEY: Blue: Stone still in place. Black: Gone, but shown on old mapping. Red: Conjectured (not on mapping)
Hammersmith to Richmond
This route leads from the Bath Road at Hammersmith via Castlenau and Rocks Lane to the Upper Richmond Road, joining the direct routes from London to Richmond.
Kew to Richmond
This short section forms one of the branches of the Great West Road, from which it diverts at Kew Bridge and the stones therefore measure from Hyde Park Corner.
KEY: Blue: Stone still in place. Black: Gone, but shown on old mapping. Red: Conjectured (not on mapping)
Brighton Road (via Clapham, Mitcham and Sutton)
KEY: Blue: Stone still in place. Black: Gone, but shown on old mapping. Red: Conjectured (not on mapping)
This leg of the Brighton Road shares the Portsmouth Road to north end of Clapham Common. See Portsmouth Road for detail
Brighton Road (via Brixton, Streatham and Croydon)
KEY: Blue: Stone still in place. Black: Gone, but shown on old mapping. Red: Conjectured (not on mapping)
Other South London Milestones